Interviews


Beth Whitman photoBlogs and social networks have grown in importance as marketing platforms, as the audiences they are able to aggreagte have grown.  Technorati is now tracking over 100 million blogs and comScore reports that social networks MySpace and Facebooknow have 68 million and 30 million members, respectively.  For authors, they are becoming essential readership building and book marketing tools.  We recently spoke with Beth Whitman, a popular travel writer, who is using blogs and social networks to help create and market her titles. 

Wanderlust & Lipstick book coverBeth Whitman is a self-described “travel addict” and has been a solo traveler for 20 years. She wrote her first book, Wanderlust and Lipstick: The Essential Guide for Women Traveling Solo in order to encourage and inspire other women to travel independently. She is the publisher of www.WanderlustAndLipstick.com and the travel blogger for the Seattle Post Intelligencer.  Beth has two books scheduled to be released in 2008: Wanderlust and Lipstick: For Women Traveling to India and Wanderlust and Lipstick: For Women Traveling with Children.

FPP - Your book focuses on tips for women traveling alone. Is this a relatively new area of travel writing?

Beth – It’s definitely not a new area of travel writing but it’s a growing category, for sure. There have been a few books out on the subject for a number of years but there seems to have been an explosion of interest in the topic during the last year or so.

FPP- How did you become interested in blogging?

Beth- I knew that I needed an online presence in order to build up my audience. By happenstance I landed a writing gig with the Seattle Post Intelligenceras their travel blogger and started blogging on my own site about six months prior to the release of my book.

FPP- How much of your content from your blog did you use in writing your book?

Beth - Not a lot for my solo book as a lot of the writing for the book had been done when I started blogging. However, I’m working on another book, For Women Traveling to Indiaand will be repurposing a lot of the content for both book and blog. In retrospect I should have done more of that for the original Solo book but didn’t.

FPP- What challenges did you have in converting blog content to book content?

Beth - I think the challenge is breaking down all the info from the book down into bite sized chunks that will hold a reader’s attention on a website. It’s got to be snappy and usually in bullet form so that can scroll through quickly.

FPP- What role does your blog play in marketing your book?

Beth- It plays a pretty big part. I am constantly working on building my community through my blog, newsletter and through social networking sites where I place links to my blog.  So far, I’ve driven traffic to my website and sold books through this online marketing campaign.

FPP – What role have social networks played in your book marketing campaign?

Beth – It’s becoming more and more significant as I learn the ropes. There are a lot of things to figure out and it takes time to build up your network. I’m just now starting to see it pay off and hope to have a good holiday season as a result!

FPP – How do you allocate your marketing effort between web based and traditional methods?

Beth - While I do market offline (I’m in the middle of a book tour right now), I spend more time marketing online. While both methods are time consuming, I’m starting to see the advantages of online marketing campaigns and social networking sites (especially since I don’t have to pay travel expenses for those methods!). I connect with other bloggers and other individuals with like interests (in my case, travel).

I think that down the road I’m going to see far more traffic going to my site and more people buying my book because of the online marketing that I’m doing. It’s just a matter of being focused on it, which, honestly, most authors aren’t.

FPP- What’s ahead for your writing and your blog, Wanderlust and Lipstick?

Beth- I’m working on books number 2 and 3 right now and continue to blog a few times a week on the Seattle Post Intelligencer site and my own site. I’m working on a book for women traveling to India and another for women traveling with children in which I’m collaborating with two co-authors. This time I will take a more thoughtful approach at adding content to my blogs that will be included in the book so that I can build up my audience prior to the book’s release in the spring of 2008.


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Cheryl HagedornIf you want to know what’s happening in the world of blooks (blogs that become books), Cheryl Hagedorn’s Blooking Central is your first stop.  She has provided insightful analysis and entertaining background on almost 200 blooks.  Cheryl is a former Salvation Army officer, computer programmer, and writing instructor for the Chicago Department of Aging and the Park Ridge Senior Center.  She has an MA in Writing from DePaul University and is a member of the Emily Dickinson International Society and the Illinois Philological Association.  Cheryl is the author of Park Ridge: A Senior Center Murdermystery as well as the online novel Gold Medal Murder

In this interview with Future Perfect Publishing, she shared her thoughts about the emergence of the blook as a new publishing path for authors.

FPP:  What first got you interested in blooks?

Cheryl:  The first mention of a blog being made into a book that I remember seeing was on The Chicago Writers Association forum. Dorien Grey reported that his A World Ago blog had attracted the attention of Zumaya Publications and had been scheduled for publication in September, 2008. I began researching the phenomena and was overwhelmed and incredibly intrigued by what I found.

FPP:  In your experience, what are the elements that are generally required to make a potential blook?

Cheryl:  In the first 30 or so blooks that I looked at, excluding web comics, it came down to three things:

  • Quality of the writing- many blook authors began as freelancers or columnists such as Lori Smith (A Walk with Jane Austen) and Tracey Henry (Suburban Diva).
  • High-level connections – Melinda Roberts (Mommy Confidential) is a member of John Battelle’s Federated Media Parenting and Entertainment Network. She is also an online community advisor to ClubMom, Johnson & Johnson, The Disney Internet Group, and MothersClick.com, where she is also a resident blogger.  Judith O’Reilly (Wife in the North), a former London Times writer got a deal after blogging only six weeks because she got linked to by “big” names.
  • Lots of traffic – David St. Lawrence (Danger Quicksand) gave away 50,000 free books. Okay, he self-published. Mim Smartypants had 3,000 regular readers. The Japanese fellow who wrote The Train Manhad a million readers. But it’s also the number of comments that indicate how engaged the readers are. Eunny Jang announced her book deal and got 173 comments!

FPP:  Early on it seemed that in many cases the blog to book path was not planned. Are authors getting more intentional about going from blog to print now?

michael shumateCheryl:  Absolutely. This years’ Blogher convention had a special session on how bloggers have used their Internet writing to publish books. Michael Shumate (Success in the Arts - see picture at right) admitted that he had posted with every intention of building an audience for the book. So did Noreen Braman (I’m 50 – Now What?). Both of those were self-published, but then you have Cheeseburger Brown’s Simon of Space. He posted in the hopes of attracting a deal and got one.  You still have authors who back into book deals, though. For instance, Dawn Meehan’s only interest was in selling a baseball on eBay but the short story she wrote to hype it pulled in 220,000 readers.

FPP:  What do you think is the best strategy for an author to approach an agent or publisher about a blook deal?

gina trapaniCheryl:  Gina Trapani (Lifehacker - see picture at right) has a link to her agent David Fugate of LaunchBooks. Fugate says, in essence, “Make sure the traffic is there, write a winning pitch/proposal, and don’t expect to just dump your blog onto paper.”

FPP:  Are publishers actively searching the blogosphere for new authors, or is it still a matter of authors who blog seeking out agents and publishers?

Cheryl:  Agents like Kate Lee, Elisabeth Weed, and Patrick Walsh, as well as the Waxman Literary Agency, for sure are actively looking for blookable blogs. The Friday Project specializes in publishing web content. Publishers don’t appear to be offering as much money, but they’re definitely looking for bloggers who can and do write for specific audiences.

FPP:  Can you estimate about how many blog to book deals are being done each year?

Cheryl:  How would you begin to make an estimate?! The Lulu Blooker Prize competition had 89 entries the first year, 110 the second. How many of those were traditionally published? I’ve looked at 190 blooks, only half of which came from the competition lists and maybe 1/3 of those have had book deals.  

FPP:  Do you see more fiction or non-fiction blooks being published these days? Why do you think that is the case?

ellen simonetti - queen of the skyCheryl:  One thing that has really surprised me is the number of non-fiction, memoir-type blogs that have been rendered as fiction, especially a book like Queen of Sky by Ellen Simonetti (see picture at right). I guess it’s an attempt not to be sued. Then there’s those authors that have mentioned the need to supply a story-line for the book version of their blogs, like Jeremy Blachman (Anonymous Lawyer) and the lady police officer, PC Bloggs (Diary of an On-Call Girl).

I don’t know whether more non-fiction blooks are being published than fiction, but I think that blooks probably reflect books in that regard.

FPP:  What categories of blooks seem to be the hottest right now?

Tom EvslinCheryl:  I honestly have no idea. You might be able to track it by pulling all the Publishers Marketplace deals that refer to blogs, like Gawker did, then sorting them into fiction and non-fiction. But that leaves out a huge number of blooks that are being self-published. You simply can’t discount them – consider the success of Tom Evslin’s Hackoff.com (see picture at right).

FPP:  Could you tell us briefly about the blog to book software that is available currently?

Cheryl:  There are several programs which are blog-specific. For instance, LJ Book only works with LiveJournal, DeadJournal or InsaneJournal blogs. Blog2Print from SharedBook only accepts Blogger blogs as input. Pyxlin, I think, will let you import other formats but is primarily for pyxlin users. Let’s see, there’s also Blurb’s Slurper, LAB Asprise’s BlogCollector, Prince, QOOP’s BlogPrinting, and PrintMyBlog.

Most authors follow Warren Meyer’s (Coyote Blog) lead – they reverse the order of blog posts, then cut and paste. Geeks like Gina Trapani can use things like DEVONthink Pro.

FPP:  What trends do you see in blooks in the next few years?

Cheryl:  Self-publishing is just now coming into its own. I think we’ll see more blog owners going that route, particularly with annual and semi-annual collections of posts like Vitualis’ Medical Rants. Best of Blogs-type blooks showed up too soon and it’s over. On the other hand, anthologies like Age of Conversation, which could have been a blook and wasn’t, or the Open Laboratory: The Best Writing on Science Blogs 2006which is currently gathering material for the 2007/2008 blook, are gathering momentum.

I’d be remiss if I didn’t mention that dead tree versions, which is how I define a blook at Blooking Central, are being accompanied by other versions, such as PDFs or podcasts, as well as being enhanced like BluBook or Carbondale After Blog.


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Scott SiglerNew authors have always faced the challenge of getting past the book publishing gatekeepers – agents and acquistion editors.  Scott Sigler found a new way into the castle.  Scott’s work revolves around modern science’s dichotomy of simultaneously producing good and evil.  It has been described as a ”steel-tipped boot on your throat, speed-metal fiction.”

Snubbed by publishers for years, Scott turned the traditional book publishing model on its head when he released EarthCore as the world’s first “podcast-only” novel.  Scott recorded EarthCore in 2005 in 22 episodes (roughly 45 minutes each) that subscribers downloaded.  He picked up 10,000 subscribers along the way.  His next podcast novel, Ancestor, drew 30,000 listeners and saw 700,000 episodes downloaded by fans. In combination with Scott’s other two podcast novels, Infection and The Rookie, his fans have downloaded over 3 million episodes of his fiction.

Ancestor bookcoverScott’s innovative use of technology puts him at the forefront of modern-day publishing.  He has been covered in the Washington Post, BusinessWeek, CNet, The Book Standard and the nationally syndicated radio show The Dragon Page.  He is a Michigan native, and lives in San Francisco with his wife Jody and their two dogs, Mookie and Emma.

We recently asked Scott about his experience with the podcast novel and the world of traditional book publishing.

FPP:  What gave you the idea to do EarthCore as a podcast novel initially?

Scott:  I discovered podcasting in February 2005. I immediately started looking for podcast novels, because the technology reminded me of radio plays of the 40s and 50s – serialized audio fiction. When I couldn’t find any novels, I realized it was because no one had done it yet. EARTHCORE was set to be published in 2002 by AOL/TimeWarner, but they scrapped the imprint a month or so before my book was printed. So I had a finished novel, edited by a major publishing house, just sitting there – I learned how to podcast and got the thing up as fast as I could, knowing there would be benefit to first-mover status.

FPP:  What were some of the logistical difficulties you had to overcome in recording and distributing the episodes?

Scott:  I knew nothing about recording, blogging, RSS, XML, etc. I had to figure it all out and figure it out fast.

FPP:  What is the process you go through in creating each episode?

Scott:  The novels are finished before I begin. I create a new episode from a template that already includes intros and outros. I record, stopping and going back when I screw something up. That way when I record the final word, I’m done with the spoken part. I then add sound effects and make sure I didn’t miss anything. Each character gets his or her own recording track, so I can run EQ separately for each. Then I rip down the MP3, post it with Podshow’s system, get the link, then post it into my WordPress blog.

Podshow’s system doesn’t do all the unique things I need for a podcast novel, so I use a WordPress blog and link to the Podshow files.

FPP:  Are there any limitations that podcasting a novel forces on you as an author?  Is there any challenge switching between writing mode and podcasting mode?

Scott:  It’s the same thing, and two completely different things. The story is where it’s at. The story doesn’t change. If you don’t have a great story, don’t even bother. The podcasting challenges are acting it out, and making sure it’s riveting to the audience. Don’t phone in the performance, strong acting with passion and energy is key – if you don’t care about the audio, why would your fans?

FPP:  How would you characterize your listening audience? Are there any differences between those who listen vs. those who read the book?

Scott:  My Junkies are the best audience on the planet, for any kind of entertainment, anywhere. They are rabid fans. They are my friends. My reading audience also likes my stuff, likes it a lot, but there is a significant connection between me and the listening audience. To my print readers, there is the story. To my podcast listeners, there is the story, then there is the author, and they get to know both very well.

FPP:  Were print publishers tracking your podcast downloads before you contacted them or was that something you had to make them aware of as you marketed your work?

Scott:  Print publishers don’t get this at all. I mean, AT ALL. This is all a mystery to them. Dragon Moon Press is a small publisher that completely understands. Crown Publishing is a major publisher, and what they understand is that I have rabid fans and I can hit Top-10 on Amazon selling an indie book with zero advertising, zero promotional support and zero media support.

Crown is smart enough to know they don’t need to understand every last nuance, they just need to know something works.

FPP:  Do you think the availability of podcasts has a positive, negative or neutral impact on sales of the print version of your books? Why?

Scott:  Positive, positive, positive. It’s free exposure and advertsing. Some people listen and still buy print. Some people listen and buy the book for people they know who like print. Some people listen and don’t buy, but they send a link to dozens of friends, and the process repeats itself. If you can try my fiction for free, wherever you like, whenever you like, and you’re deciding between my book and one that makes you go to the bookstore and shell out $24.95 just to give it a shot, which are you going to choose? I’m grabbing mental marketshare like there is no tomorrow. The podcast exposes me to thousands of people, where if I’m just on a bookshelf between KING and KOONTZ, I can’t possibly compete.

FPP:  Is there anything you would change about the way you did your earlier podcasts?

Scott:  Not really. Everything I do now I learned from those endeavors.

FPP:  Will you continue using podcasts as a way to connect with your audience for your future titles?

Scott:  I will always podcast. Crown is behind this 100%. I wouldn’t be anywhere without the Junkies, and I will continue to provide them high-grade stories as long as I live. Even after that, because I want to have a story “in the can” that people can listen to after I die. Just to fuck with their heads a little bit more.

FPP:  Do you see more authors using podcasts as a way to get the attention of publishers?

Scott:  I would say wait to see how INFECTED sells on April 1, 2008 If it’s a hit, if it charts in the New York Times Bestseller list, then the model is forever proven.

FPP:   Looking back  on your own experience, what advice would you give them?

Scott:  Use examples of people who have used podcasting to sell books. At the end of the day, publishers spend a load of money to produce, distribute and market books. If you can prove to them that you have an existing audience, they are more likely to take a chance on you.

information trapping - book coverAuthors (and bloggers) are always on the lookout for new tools to help them research their subject more effectively.  The Internet represents a potentially massive information resource, but finding, organizing and publishing the information you want in a coherent, systematic way can be a challenge.  Simple surfing has proven to be a time consuming and inefficient method for writers to get the informatino they need.  We recently interviewed Tara Calishain, one of the preeminent Internet research experts, about information traps.   Information traps are a collection of technologies that helps automate many information gathering tasks.

Tara CalishainTara Calishain is the creator of ResearchBuzz, an award winning website covering the world of Internet research.  She has written or co-written numerous books on search related topics, including Web Search Garage, the New York Times bestseller Google Hacks, the Official Netscape Guide to Internet Research and most recently, Information Trapping

FPP:  How would you define information trapping?

Tara:  I define information trapping as using alert services, RSS feeds, and similar services to bring updated content to you as it’s generated. Like the “push” technology we were all hearing about ten years ago, except that this time it works!  

FPP:  How did you first become interested in information trapping? 

Tara:  I have been interested in RSS feeds for over seven years, and for site monitoring an equally long time. I became interested in information trapping when I realized how much time it was saving me as I wrote ResearchBuzz. I have hundreds of traps I check daily for information on new search engines, databases, information collections, etc.

FPP:  What are the primary benefits of information trapping?

Tara:  It requires some time up front, but once set up information trapping will save you time. The information in which you’re interested will come to you. You will not have to go looking for it on a regular basis. And let’s face it — the Internet is so darn big you can easily get overwhelmed!

FPP:  What are some of the tools that an individual uses to trap information?

Tara:   Generally speaking, Web page change monitors and RSS feeds. Specifically speaking, Google News, Yahoo News, Yahoo Alerts, Web Site Watcher, YouTube, and basically any page or resource that either generates an RSS feed or outputs its data on a page that’s easy to monitor.

FPP:   How do you trap information about podcasts and videos?

Tara:  Depends on how specific your information needs are. If you’re looking for general information, like trapping for information on the Green Bay Packers, you might be able to find one or two (or several) Packers podcasts out there.  If you’re looking for more specific information (for Brett Favre) you might want to use a site that allows you to search podcasts by keyword, e.g. Everyzing.

FPP:  What hurdles is someone likely to encounter when they initially try to set up information traps?

Tara:  The first hurdle is probably being TOO general and ending up with a firehose full of information aimed straight at them. It’s not manageable and because of that it’s not useful. Being as specific as possible is the key. (The Green Bay Packers example earlier might be too specific – you would certainly have to be VERY picky about what you monitored.) The second hurdle is not doing research on the kind of keywords you want to use to monitor your topic. When setting information traps, experimenting with keywords is very important. You don’t want to end up with information that’s off-topic – or no information at all!

FPP:  Can you give an example of how a blogger might use information trapping?

Tara:  Sure. Say you’re a blogger who’s covering the Presidential elections, but you don’t want to cover the Republicans and Democrats. You want to cover all the “third party” candidates. Mainstream media will not be giving those people nearly as much coverage as the Ds and Rs, so you could set up traps across mainstream media, Web-based media, Washington-bloggers, etc to find news and information on those people. If they have Web sites you could set up page monitors to watch them for news and press releases.

FPP:  Are there some best practices for storing, organizing and cataloging the information you trap?

Tara:   Try to have a separate mailbox or folder for your trapped information. Don’t save too much if you can help it. Keep your cataloging process as simple as possible – as simple as a text file if you can manage it.  The more complicated your cataloging gets the tougher it’ll be to keep up with.

FPP:  Can you direct information you trap to mobile devices?

Tara:  Yes. Some sites offer alerts in the form of text messages for cell phones. And of course if your phone uses e-mail you can get your alerts that way. And if you have a phone that can have applications installed on it, you might want to see if that phone has an RSS feed reader available for it.

FPP:  How do you see information trapping tools and techniques evolving in the next few years?

Tara:  I think there’s going to be a lot more done with video and multimedia. We’re only just beginning to get beyond text-based and still image-based information online.

The New InfluencersSocial media has created quite a buzz in marketing circles.  Social networking sites like MySpace and Facebook are wildly popular and growing rapidly.  Blogs, podcasts and video sharing sites like YouTube have become part of the Internet mainstream.  Yet many authors and publishers are uncertain about how to leverage this new phenomenon for their marketing campaigns.  Paul Gillin, author of the bestselling book The New Influencers, agreed to share some of his thoughts about publishing and social media with us. 

Paul GillinPaul runs a consulting/freelance writing business specializing in new media..  He has been writing and speaking about information technology since the early ’80s.  Paul is an accomplished speaker and is known for his ability to demystify complex concepts and explain them in understandable terms.  His book combines historical perspective and the insight gained from 25 years of experience as a technology journalist.  As the many annecdotes and profiles in the book attest, he is an engaging storyteller with a briefcase full of fascinating accounts of the people and events that are shaping social media today.

FPP:  What does the term “social media” mean?

Paul:  I actually like Wikipedia’s definition: “Social media describes the online technologies and practices that people use to share content, opinions, insights, experiences, perspectives, and media themselves.”  Or as Lawrence Lessig of Stanford University terms it, “the writable Web.”  It’s new technology that enables people to publish for themselves and to comment on each other’s published work.  This can be highly individual or highly networked. The key component is that individuals now have the potential to publish to a global audience.

FPP:  What are the factors driving the rise of social media?

Paul:  There’s a whole appendix of my book devoted to that topic, but I’ll try to summarize.  The two major factors are technology developments and innovations in search  People have been able to input data through Web browsers since the early days, but the capability to capture, store and publish that information was limited.  With the rapid decline in hardware costs, services like photo and video sharing are now affordable.  Open source software has also made it inexpensive for people to experiment with new kinds of services. You no longer have to invest tens of thousands of dollars to put together a web server and a software stack.  Broadband has also reached the tipping point, with over half of all US households now using it and considerably higher percentages in some other countries.

Google is a big part of the phenomenon. Until Google came along, there really was no good way to reliably find information that was important to you. The early search engines just paled in comparison. Because Google figured out a way to index information by the quality of content, it became much more attractive for people to publish and hope to be found. Google also pioneered advertising models that made it possible for businesses to provide very powerful services for free. Adsense was a true innovation in business and its impact on the development of social media can’t be underestimated.

FPP:  Is the use of social media limited to a younger demographic? Is it a global phenomenon?

Paul:  It’s very much a global phenomenon. In fact, the number one language in the blogosphere is Japanese, according to Technorati. While young people are very comfortable with these media, I think the most interesting innovation is being done by grownups. The new influencers I wrote about are all adults who are passionate about topics and who use social media to become shakers and movers in those markets. I think adults and kids both appreciate the value of social media for finding like-minded people, but I think the adults especially value the power to have their voice heard where previously they were silent.

FPP:  How can book publishers and authors leverage social media to generate more interest in and sales of their titles?

Paul:  There are many ways. Blogging is all about expertise and sharing your expertise with other people. Book authors must develop expertise in their subjects, and they can generate awareness and conversations with other interested parties by publishing their insights on a blog. Increasingly, authors are publishing their books in this way. I published my entire book on my blog for the three months prior to submission to the editor. This not only generated useful feedback, but the bloggers who commented on my work became excellent prospects for reviews after the book was released.

When the book is in the market, a blog is a good way to expand upon the topic, publicize reaction and find potential buyers. People who are searching on the topic that the book is about are more likely to find the author and the title. I think any author should have a blog related to his or her book, at least in the non-fiction realm.

FPP:  What type of influencers should publishers tap into?

Paul:  People who care deeply about the topics addressed by their titles. These are the people who are most likely to read the book, write about it and generate word-of-mouth awareness.

FPP:  What practices should they avoid in their social media marketing campaigns?

Paul:  Never lie or deceive.  Don’t be overtly promotional.  Social media practitioners, whether they be bloggers, podcasters or online video producers, want substantive content to work with.  They want access to the author and the author’s sources.  If you just send them press releases, they will react negatively. You need to follow up and engage them with the author and the publisher.  Don’t treat them like second-class citizens.  Bloggers should be afforded the same courtesy as mainstream media.  If you excerpt and link to their work, you should publish the bad as well as the good. That shows that you are honest about the outreach effort.

FPP:  How does search marketing relate to social media marketing?

PaulSearch marketing is about raising awareness for your content by making it easier for search engines to find it. That can be done through “organic” search optimization or through paid results placement.  Social media vehicles tend to do very well in search engines for a variety of reasons.  This is another reason why a blog is a good way to publicize a title. You have a higher probability of being found by a search engine if you are providing useful content than if you are simply listing the book on a catalog site.

FPP:  How can publishers and authors measure their influence in the world of social media?

Paul:  Use conventional analytical tools like Google Analytics and traffic logs to get a view of how many people are coming to your site.  Register on Technorati.  Its rankings of blogger popularity are controversial, but they are also the metric bloggers use most often.  Check referral reports to see how much traffic is coming to a book site or sales landing page from your blog or from mentions on other bloggers’ sites.  Look at how much commenting activity your own posts are generating.  There are other things you can do, but those are some of the most immediate opportunities.

FPP:  What trends do you see in social media marketing during the next few years?

Paul:  Experimentation. There is some panic about social media in the marketing world right now.  People think it’s the thing to do, and that you’re going to be left behind if you don’t get your plan together quickly.  In fact, no one has figured out social media marketing.  Everyone is just experimenting, and the successes still don’t fit any particular formula.  There are a few best practices emerging, but we are still in the first inning of this game. That said, I don’t advise waiting on the sidelines.  The earlier you get started, the faster you will realize the substantial benefits and low costs of social media marketing. The good news is that right now it’s a very forgiving environment.  People are making lots of mistakes but no one is particularly upset about it.  The costs are still low and the audience realizes that everyone is still feeling their way around.  So take advantage of that, take some chances and learn from your successes and your failures.  Few people are going to remember your failures five years from now, anyway.

Personal publishing in the form of blogs, podcast and online video is becoming fairly well established.  I think the most interesting developments right now are in the social networks like Facebook and Flickr.  This is where people gather around communities of interest and the power of recommendation and grass-roots organization take hold. It’s hard to organize people around a blog, but with a social network you can do some very interesting things.  I think it’s impossible to predict five years out at this point with any kind of certainty.  I do think that over the next two years you’ll see a lot of experimentation in social networks.
 

Marketing is always a challenge for self published authors and small publishers.   There are many channels and venues to consider and usually a very limited budget with which to address them.  We recently interviewed Sue Collier, one of the experts in this field, to get her thoughts and advice about how to tackle the book marketing maze. 

Sue CollierSue has been working with authors and small presses for more than two decades. She is the current owner of Self-Publishing Resources, which was originally founded by self-publishing guru Marilyn Ross and provides authors and small presses with full-service book packaging and book marketing/consulting services.  

FPP:  There so many different ways to market a book. What factors should an author or publisher take into account when developing their marketing plan?

Sue:  Authors/publishers need to focus on nontraditional and niche markets. They should consider both before even starting work on the manuscript.

FPP:  What are the most important things an author publisher should do to promote a new book?

Sue:  The very first thing is choosing one’s subject matter carefully. This goes back to niche markets — there should be one, two, three, or even four specific niche markets for the book that can be targeted in marketing efforts. Also important is awareness of the whole issue of publication dates. In order for authors/publishers to take advantage of prepublication reviews and essentially making a “big splash” with prepublication publicity, publication dates should occur well after books are in hand. Additionally, authors/publishers should never quit marketing their books. For instance, The Complete Guide to Self-Publishing by Marilyn Ross (my partner at Self-Publishing Resources) originally came out in 1979. Subsequent revisions of the book ensure that marketing efforts continue to this day.

FPP:   What are some common mistakes self published authors make in their marketing efforts?

Sue:  Not choosing the proper publication date for their books (see above). Appearing “self-published” is another error many self-published authors make. In this day and age, there is simply no reason for this. Authors should do their research ahead of time, put out a quality product, and choose a professional-sounding publishing company name. They shouldn’t lie about being self-published, but they should present a product and business front as though they are a small press. Another mistake is not having a full arsenal of promotional/publicity pieces.  At Self-Publishing Resources, we provide authors/publishers with a news release (targeting specific niche markets), mock review, customer order flyer, pitch letter, spec sheet for the trade, and other pieces that can be used for a variety of PR/marketing purposes.

FPP:  How has the web changed the strategies and tactics used in book publicity?

Sue:  It has expanded publicity options tremendously — this once again goes back to finding niche markets for your book. Websites, blogs, chat rooms, forums — all of those provide ways for the self-published author to penetrate niche markets effectively.

FPP:  Are blogs effective book marketing platforms, and if so, why?

Sue:  Not necessarily one’s own blog — unless the author/publisher has a tremendous amount of time or the staff to continually update and offer readers a lot of value. Otherwise, it might not be worth the time. But the blogs of other’s can be used selectively. There are many blogs out there that are very effective, given a good audience and timely information. Some are excellent and a source people look to daily for information in a particular subject area. Authors/publishers need to spend time researching what blogs might be appropriate. There can also be affordable advertising on some blogs; this is another possibility to consider.

FPP:  What are some other examples of cost effective online marketing publishers and authors can use?

Sue:  At Self-Publishing Resources, we put together a spreadsheet for our clients that identifies sites offering possibilities for selling books, reviewing books, listing articles/book exerpts, as well as interviews, podcasts, blogs, and so forth. This information can be worked in various ways, the majority of which cost nothing to the author/publisher.

FPP:  How can authors and publishers effectively blend their online and traditional book marketing?

Sue:  Put your URL everywhere — not just in the traditional places, such as your business card. For instance, it should be on your book and every other promotional piece, and you should mention it if you are giving a radio interview. And have a top-notch website.

FPP:  There has been a lot of buzz about social media sites lately – e.g. MySpace, Facebook, Digg, YouTube. How can authors and publishers use these new social media sites in their book marketing campaigns?

Sue:  In my opinion, these fall into the same category as blogs, and should be fairly low on the marketing priority list at this point.

FPP:  What emerging trends do you see in book marketing?

Sue:  Interactivity – communication between the author and readers – on the Internet will be huge. Amazon.com has started to utilize this tool to some extent. Authors/publishers will also want to come up with ways to use their websites as a tool for interactivity.  E-books is another area, that although it is still lagging, will likely continue to gain popularity. Authors/publishers should be sure to have their books available as an e-book, especially business books and others that might have obsolence.

You can reach Sue at sue@SelfPublishingResources.com.

While podcasting is still a relatively young medium, podcast listenership is growing steadily.  According to a recent forecast from e-Marketer, advertisers  will spend $240 million on embedded podcast advertising in 2008 and $400 million by 2011.  One of the hottest podcasts today is Grammar Girl, produced by Mignon Fogarty.

Mignon FogartyMignon Fogarty is the founder of the Quick and Dirty Tips podcast network and the host of the award-winning Grammar Girl podcast.  Mignon earned a B.A. in English from the University of Washington and an M.S. in biology from Stanford University. She was the top editor at multiple websites in the late ’90s, and worked as a science and technical writer before becoming Grammar Girl in 2006.

Mignon took time out for an interview with Future Perfect Publishing recently to discuss what makes Grammar Girl such a strong franchise, how she produces and manages episdoes, and what’s ahead for her popular show. 

FPP:  Were you always interested in grammar?

Mignon:  I bought all the popular grammar books as they came out over the years, but I can’t say I was always a grammar fanatic. I do love working on it now though; it’s fascinating.

FPP:  What inspired you to start the Grammar Girl podcast?

Mignon:  I was working as a science and technical writer back in 2005 and ended up starting a weekly podcast about science. That show did well – it won the Best Science Show category of the Podcast Peer Awards – but it became a huge drain on my time.  Each show took at least 10 hours to produce, and although the traffic probably put the show in the top 20% of all podcasts, it clearly wasn’t ever going to become my main source of income.

So I began to think about other ways I could stay in podcasting without it being such a time sink.  I came up with six or seven ideas for short tip-based shows, and as I was editing technical documents one day at the coffee shop, looking at grammar error after grammar error, I was finally inspired to choose grammar as the theme.  I scribbled down about four possible episode topics, threw up a website, and recorded the first Grammar Girl podcast..

FPP:  Grammar Girl is one of the most popular podcasts now.  Grammar seems like an unlikely topic to have such wide appeal. To what do you attribute its popularity?

Mignon:  I know what you mean; I was surprised by the popularity too.

The messages I receive from listeners and the interactions I have with people in general have led me to a few conclusions. First, there is a bigger population of language lovers than you might imagine.

Second, everyone seems to have a language question they’ve always wondered about but never bothered to investigate. I get a lot of e-mail messages that start out “I’ve always wondered . . .”

Third, because of e-mail and instant messaging, I believe people are writing more now than in previous years.  Whereas 20 years ago people would pick up a phone and call a business contact, today it’s more common to write an e-mail message. Schools don’t spend a lot of time on language rules, so people feel insecure about their writing.  When they see that there is an easy, fun way to learn the practical little rules, they get excited.

FPP:  What’s the makeup of your audience and why are they so interested in grammar?

Mignon:  Based on surveys I’ve done, my audience is about half male and half female. Listeners tend to be highly educated, have good incomes, and range in age from 25 to 45.

In general, the people I hear from say the show helps them do better at work or at school.

FPP:  Before you began podcasting, you were a writer.  What things did you have to learn when you made the transition to audio and first began podcasting?

Mignon:  I didn’t know anything about audio production or writing for audio when I first started, so I had a lot of learning to do. I had to learn what kind of equipment and software to use and then how to use it. I picked up everything I know from reading websites and forums and from experimenting. That’s probably why it took me so long to produce the science podcast!

FPP:  What made you choose audio vs. print as your format to teach people about grammar?

Mignon:  I was already committed to doing an audio show, so it was really more a matter of choosing grammar as a topic than choosing a format for teaching grammar.

Grammar Girl’s audiobookFPP:  You’ve created a new audiobook “Grammar Girl’s Quick and Dirty Tips.” Are you considering a print version as well?

Mignon:  I’m working on a print book that should come out in time for the back-to-school season next year.

FPP:  What is involved in putting an episode together and what is your time commitment on a weekly basis to the show?

Mignon:  First I choose a topic. The topics almost always come from listener questions, and when it’s possible I like to tie the show to a current event.  For example, when Hillary Clinton picked “You and I” for her campaign song, I used that as a jumping off point to talk about the phrase “between you and I,” which a lot of listeners had asked about.

Once I have the topic I do a lot of research. I have about 20 reference books and I also do Internet searches. Even if I think I know the answer, I check as many references as I can to make sure I’m not missing something.  Depending on how complicated the topic is, research can go quickly or it can take many hours. More than once I’ve abandoned a topic after hours of research because it ends up feeling too complicated to cover in a five-minute podcast.

Once I’m comfortable with what I want to say, I write my script and then send it to a copy editor for review. Sometimes when I get the script back there is some back-and-forth with the copy editor about minor points of grammar. And when the script is done I record the show.

I’d like to get ahead, but I’m not; so right now I tend to work right up to the Thursday night deadline. So depending on how late it is, I either send my audio file to my sound guy for editing or (if it is too late) I edit it and post it myself.

I’d say the whole process takes 8 hours for a very easy show and 20 hours for a very complicated show or when I have to abandon a topic and start over.

FPP:  What has worked well and what things have you had to change during the life of Grammar Girl?

Mignon:  When I was just starting out I didn’t always put references on the website. I put up references now because I found that doing so heads off criticism from people who think they know the rules but are misinformed.  I found that if I didn’t post my references, I would often end up going back and citing them anyway to defend my position.

FPP:  How do you measure the success of your podcast?

Mignon:  I track audio file downloads, web page views, rankings, and listener questions, and all of those metrics would support the idea that the podcast is successful, but for me personally it’s the listener feedback that makes me feel as if the show is successful.  For example, Grammar Girl is one of the most reviewed podcasts at iTunes; people seem to like the show so much that they spontaneously take the time to write reviews, and I’m very moved by that.

FPP:  How does Grammar Girl earn money?  Has it become easier to attract advertisers?

Mignon:  I make money primarily by having advertising in the podcast, and it has definitely been easier over time to attract advertisers. Not only has Grammar Girl become more well known over the last year, but advertisers are also becoming more comfortable with podcasting.

I also released an audiobook in March that’s done very well. It was originally available as a download from iTunes and Audible, and it came out on CD in July. The title is Grammar Girl’s Quick and Dirty Tips to Clean Up Your Writing.

FPP:  Has the rapid growth in your listening population changed the way you do your podcast and handle your interactions with your audience?

Mignon:  The rapid growth was overwhelming at first because I was still working as a technical writer.  At first I tried to personally answer every listener question, but I get a lot of long, complicated grammar questions and answering them all quickly became impossible.

I started keeping a handwritten list of questions, which became a Word document with questions, which finally became a spreadsheet that I use to organize questions in a way that makes it easy to find topics I want to use for the show.

I was able to quit working as a technical writer in January to focus on podcasting full time, and it became more manageable after that. I still can’t answer every question personally, but I do try to answer as many as I can.

FPP:  What’s in store for the future of Grammar Girl?

Mignon:  My top priority is still putting out a new Grammar Girl episode every week. I’m just plugging through listener questions.

You might recall that I said I just threw up the original Grammar Girl website, so it’s not a surprise that it isn’t very pretty or user-friendly.  So I’m working on redesigning the website to make it easier to use and search. That should be done in September.  As I said, there is the print book that will come out next year, and of course, I’m always working on growing the Quick and Dirty Tips podcast network.

COS logoBook videos have generated a lot of excitement among authors, publishers and booksellers.  They represent a  powerful new way to visualize and conceptualize a title – much as the book cover did in the last century.  The aesthetics of book videos are still the subject of experimentation.  One of the pioneers in producing book videos is Circle of Seven Productions, which trademarked the term”book trailers.”  We contacted the company to find out more about how book videos are produced, what they cost and how authors, publishers and booksellers are using them. 

sheila clover englisWe interviewed Sheila Clover English, a publicist and the CEO of Circle of Seven Productions.  A five-year veteran as an Executive Producer of award winning book commercials,  she is best known for bringing book commercial distribution to movie theaters, television, cable and an online network of approximately 150 sites.  An author herself, Sheila strives to provide budget-conscious, high-profile marketing strategies to other authors and publishers.  She lives in Kentucky with her husband, daughter, son, and three dogs.

FPP:  Are there different types of book videos?  How is each type of book video used?

Sheila:  Circle of Seven (COS) offers several types of book video that can accommodate different budgets.  For example, below is a brief synopsis of our current products from least expensive to most expensive.  (Click on the links to see a sample of each type of book video.)

  

Cover Story Video
$ 250
Utilizes the book cover and, if you have it, the step-back. It includes music and text and comes with distribution of 10 online sites, submission to booksellers and book clubs, is featured on the COS MySpace page (which currently has over 8200 subscribers), our newsletter and placement on Reader’s Entertainment online television.
                
Fast Track Trailer
(summer special)
$ 390
Looks like a mini teaser with stock photos, text and music, but the author writes the script, chooses the photos and the music. The author does part of the work and gets a discount. They receive the same distribution as the Cover Story Video.
               
Mini Teaser Level 1
$ 750
COS finds the photos appropriate to the script that we write and submit to the client for approval. We find the music and submit it all. We do all of the research and creative for the client. The distribution package includes more online distribution at this level.
               
Mini Teaser Level 2
$ 1,500
These and the book trailers are the most popular with readers and booksellers. COS utilizes stock footage as well as stock photos. Clients get a script and music and a more dynamic video. The result is a video that looks somewhat like a book trailer, but much less expensive.
                
Author Interviews
$ 1,500
These bring authors “up close and personal” as they talk about their books. Great to give to booksellers.
                  
Book Trailer Level 1
$ 4,000 – $ 9,000
These are full production videos. They have actors, locations and everything that goes with it. When you consider that a TV commercial can cost upwards of $100,000, this is a great deal. There is significantly more distribution at this level. Other options can be purchased at this level as well, such as behind the scenes articles, photography, etc. This is shot on digital video with professional cameras.
                 
Book Trailer Level 2
$ 10,000 – $ 50,000 +
At this level we can do HD and Film, give you special effects, add more actors or locations and do a top quality commercial that looks like film.
          

COS also offers format and book media for both television and movie theaters.

FPP:  Are there certain genres or types of books that lend themselves better to book videos than others?

Sheila:  We recently asked that question in a survey. The majority of people felt that any genre would work, but many felt that romance and fantasy were the top genres that did well. I think that has to do with the incredible number of those genres making or having book trailers made.

FPP:  Many authors and small publishers have the perception that book videos are too expensive for them to consider. What is the cost range for Book videos and what are the tradeoffs a publisher has to consider when determining how much to spend on a book video?

Sheila:  The range, as listed above, is from $250 to $50,000+. You need to ask yourself who your target audience is. What will they want to see?  Will it play on television or in movie theaters?  Also you need to consider distribution. Booksellers prefer to see action in the videos, movement.

FPP:  How long does it typically take to produce a book video?

Sheila:  It depends on the complexity of the video.  A Cover Story Video can be done in 48 to 73 hours. A full production book trailer needs at least 2 or 3 months to put together as a rule. Other variables have to do with producer availability. We have a production partner network so that we can do several projects at a time.

It is best to book your spot on our production calendar as far in advance as possible. We have people booking for 2008 and 2009 already. If we know if advance that we’re going to be busy, we can bring in new team members to assist us in creating the videos and keeping to our timelines.

FPP:  How are publishers and authors using book videos to market their titles?

Sheila:  Book videos are tools like any other tool.  If it just sits on your website it’s a waste of money. You need to utilize it. Authors are putting it on websites, blogs and their MySpace pages. Their publishers are showing it to their sales team, sending it to booksellers or their marketing departments.  COS Productions uploads it to the internet, then does a big campaign on our MySpace during the first week the book is out.  We often format them and put them on television or in movie theaters.

COS Productions is constantly identifying new ways to utilize the videos so you get the use of this entertaining tool.  Usually, when an ARC goes out to booksellers and reviewers they list the marketing and promotion that will done with a book. It lets the bookseller know how much information about the book is getting to readers so they can order accordingly. It’s great to put “Extensive Online Marketing” and “Book Video” or even “Television Ads”. We can get TV ads with good spots for less than $2000. Sometimes just being able to say that it is playing on television will encourage someone to check out your book.

FPP:  How have booksellers responded to book videos? How are they using them to sell more books?

Sheila:  Yes, booksellers have responded to book video. Borders has been using COS videos since 2002. They currently take a large percentage of our videos as content for their site. They play it in their newsletter or on their Borders Media site.

Recently we were contacted by Barnes and Noble and we now supply them with our book video as well.  We’ve been thrilled with the number of independent booksellers who have contacted us to ask for video.  In addition many specialty sites ask for the videos as content because they are entertaining and readers like to watch them.

I see a trend toward having them on blogs to allow people to talk about the videos and be more interactive with them.  Douglas Clegg’s new book video is a wonderful example.  We did a campaign for him that included publicity and we did a big blog campaign. Within 24 hours of posting the video and instructions for bloggers on how to use the video and what to do with it we had over 20 people blogging about his video. Which means that over 20 people within 24 hours were promoting his book for him. We expect to see approximately 100 bloggers talking about this video by Saturday (5 days time).  We’re in touch with Amazon.com right now and they are also working on their technology so that they can easily offer book video.

FPP:  Do booksellers have any specific requirements for book videos submitted to them?

Sheila:  Yes. They don’t want them to be overly long.  They need to be tasteful (no nudity or overt violence).  We have a program in place for booksellers who use COS video that works very well. We actually send out book video in batches each week. Booksellers get a preview. We do accept feedback and have made changes to some videos if the booksellers ask for it and the client agrees to the changes. We supply the booksellers the videos in the format they require. We try to make it very easy for booksellers to take the videos so that more of them are utilized.

FPP:  Where should authors or publishers distribute and promote their book videos?

Sheila:  What good is a tool left in the shed?  Having the video created is only half the work. You need people to see it. You need a lot of people to see it. More importantly, you need the right people to see it.  We have a distribution department that not only distributes our videos, but they also do research on the various online social networks, specialty sites and other online opportunity sites out there.

The landscape of any social site can change. We make sure we monitor what’s going on, who is there and what they like on each site.  You can do that yourself. It just takes time. There are over 240 social sites on the internet that take user-generated video. That’s a lot of opportunity.

FPP:  Is there evidence to show that book videos lead to greater awareness of titles and more book sales? Are there ways for publishers to test the sales effectiveness of their book videos?

Sheila:  How are publishers testing the effectiveness of a print ad? And of course a print ad is gone in a week or a month. Book video is around until you take it off the internet.

We have worked with individuals who track their sales through the Amazon affiliate program. They put the Amazon “buy” button next their video to see how many people are buying after watching the video. Even this isn’t an exact science since some people will go to another vendor, or they don’t have the money to buy that day, etc. Two of our sources reported an average of 10% click through to buy after watching the video. That number continues to grow.

Over 75% of those polled in a recent survey of readers said that book video influenced their purchase of a book. The number of people being influenced to buy a book because of video continues to grow as more and more people turn to the internet for entertainment and information.

FPP:  How do you see the book video evolving over the next few years?

Sheila:  What did the music video do for CD sales?  More and more people will turn to book video because it is easier and more entertaining than going to a bookstore and looking at the intimidating number of books there that they will have to read the back cover copy of in order to make their buying decisions. Perhaps traditional readers will continue to shop this way, but the readers of the future are looking to video, just as they have learned to do for television, music, movies and games. We are now cultivating tomorrow’s readers today. We are now competing, not with each other, but with those other entertainment venues.

Shauna James AhernShauna James Ahern is the author of the popular food blog, Gluten Free Girl.  A former schoolteacher, she has been a long time blogger and has recently signed a deal with Wiley to publish her book, Gluten Free Girl.  The book is due to be released in October, but has already become a hot pre-order title on Amazon.  She has now been able to focus full time on her writing.  She has an infectious joy for life that comes through in all of her writing.  We asked Shauna about her experiences with writing her blog, building her readership and going from blog to book. 

FPP:  What is Gluten Free Girl all about and what made you decide to create the blog initially?

Shauna:  On the side of the banner for my website, it says food, stories, recipes, love.  That’s about it.

I choose to write about food, not only because I love it so, but also because great food is the springboard for memories, shared experiences, entry into other cultures, and a belly full of joy. In writing about food, I am really writing about all of life.

I’m always telling stories. Ask anyone who knows me – even a ten-minute drive yields a multitude of human stories. There’s a quote I love from Joan Didion:

We tell ourselves stories in order to live.” I think that the more we tell our own stories, the more we know our own lives. (And if I don’t write down stories, they threaten to bang around the inside of my head.

Recipes is a funny one. Sometimes, I don’t believe in recipes at all. people try to follow them too carefully. But they can be a guide, a finger pointing the way toward true experience. And especially for those readers who come to my site, worried they will never eat well again after they have been diagnosed with celiac disease, the recipes are a balm.

Love?  Ah, well. I write about my love for being alive in the moment, for discovering a new taste, for photogr phing light falling on roasted potatoes, for the possibilities of food and this live, and for my friends and the people who make up my world. For the past year and more, the website has also been a love story with the man who is now my husband, the Chef.

FPP:  You’ve been blogging a long time. How has your blog changed over time?

Shauna:  I started the site almost immediately after realizing I had celiac disease, and thus had to stop eating all gluten. After being violently ill all that spring – and suffering from fatigue and a series of maladies all my life – I was astonished to find that the answer was this simple. I was also angry that I had suffered with this all my life, and I had never heard of it. Since I have been a writer for as long as I could hold a pen, I began writing about this.  I wanted to teach, to help others. And when I realized that my only cure was through food, it became a food blog.

The blog has changed, enormously. Thank goodness for it, or I would be so bored.

When I first started, the blog was intensely personal, full of discoveries and mistakes, and mostly about “What is gluten and what can I do to avoid it.”

Within four or five months of that, I realized this was really a website about food. I began discovering great food and how to make it at home.

Then, it really became a story of a woman finding herself, her voice, and realizing that she was creating a new life, one based on food and writing.

Finally, it took a huge turn when I met the Chef.  Not only did he feed me foie gras for the first time, but he has also taught me the joys of eating seasonally, simply, and in the moment. The blog really became a love affair, told through food.

Now, I’m not sure where it will go next. The love story still continues, of course, even though we finally got married!  I have plans to make it more regularly updated, twice a week, a bit more intentional about what I write, now that I know more and more people will be reading it.

FPP:  What do you think accounts for the popularity of Gluten Free Girl?  Have you seen increased readership as a result of recent concerns about food safety and quality?

Shauna:  Oh, I think there are a number of factors as to why people have been reading the blog in increasing numbers. I’m sure I don’t know them all. But I think I have a handle on a few….

First, more and more people are being diagnosed with celiac disease every day. One out of 100 Americans suffers from this, but only 3% have been diagnosed. Now that awareness is on the rise, for various reasons, more and more people are starting to wake up. When they are first diagnosed, people google “gluten-free” and find my website. You have no idea how many people write to me to say they spent the entire weekend reading every single essay I ever wrote.  Yikes!

yes tattooThe next reason is my attitude toward life, I believe. Whether or not you can eat gluten, you want to be inspired. I have the word “yes” tattooed on my wrist, and that spirit imbues every word I write as well. Given the condition I have, it would be easy to be glum or bitter. Instead, I regard everything as a chance to learn, to embrace the world as fully as I can. This is not in a Pollyanna sense, but in a thoughtful, well-considered decision as to how I want to live my life. I’ve been told by readers that they love that, and keep coming back for more.

People love stories.  And they certainly love love stories. That I can provide. Many readers have mentioned my openness as one of the reasons they return.

Sometimes, I make them laugh.

I also love taking pictures of food. Some people just come to look at those and be inspired in what to make for dinner that night!

I think that the recent issues of food safety and quality are just part of the reason people want to investigate their food more carefully. After decades of living in a processed-foods coma, people are starting to wake up. The ideas of eating locally and seasonally seem revolutionary at the moment, but maybe we can make them a little more mainstream.

FPP:  Are there specific things you have done to increase readership or has it grown more or less organically on its own?

Shauna:  My readership really grew organically, at first. I didn’t start the blog to find readers, believe it or not. I really wrote from passion and that urgency that says, “Write it down!” I was astonished when people started leaving comments. I’d look at their sites, and then I’d leave comments, and this web of readers began forming.

Now, I do a few things to increase readership. Updating regularly and trying to keep the post lengths down a bit (although not with the piece i put up about our wedding, of course!), mostly. Some blogger friends have suggested that I create titles for pieces that include the recipe in them, and some other formulaic suggestions. But I just want to keep what I am doing and let people come to me.

FPP:  How did you come to work with Wiley & Sons on your book? Were there specific metrics or other characteristics of your audience that they were interested in?

Shauna:  I started working with Wiley because my agent connected me to them. When she (Stacey Glick at Dystel and Goderich) sent out my book proposal, she sent one of the first copies to Wiley. There were other offers, but I just loved the way they looked at my book.  Afterwards, I found out how lucky I was – my editor is a dream.  I would work with them again, and again.

They were interested in how many readers I had, how regularly they came back, and the loyalty they seemed to have. It’s pretty clear to me that publishers are just starting to understand the power of the blog.  I’m lucky I got my book deal when I did. I have a lot of readers, and very very loyal readers especially. But there are plenty of blogs out there that have more readers than I do.  I’m willing to bet that in two years or so, publishers will have a minimum monthly readership before they will even consider blogs.  But they were impressed by my stats, because this is all so new!

In the end, though, publishers still want a great story, a strong voice, and a persuasive passion to publish a book.

FPP:  How have your readers responded to the news of your forthcoming book?

Shauna:  Wow. That’s all I can say about that one.

Gluten Free Girl book coverThey have been fantastic. When I announced that I had a book deal – and could quit my teaching job to write it – they flooded me with comments. Readers have been fascinated by every step of the process, and especially kind in not emailing me with questions the last couple of weeks before the book was due. I have felt fully supported and firmly held by this community.

Now, the book is on pre-order on Amazon. That has been amazing, as well. For the past month, it has been on the top ten list of popular pre-orders for mind, body, and health. That makes me gasp with delight.

I run into people on the street who recognize me from the website (now that’s weird!) and they always say, “I ordered your book! I ordered three copies!”  People feel a really personal connection with me because of the website.

FPP:  How much of the blog content went into your book? Did you have a process for selecting blog content for the book? Did you have to alter your writing for the book vs. the blog?  And what difficulties, if any, did you encounter in converting content from the blog into the book?

Shauna:  I tried to use as little from the blog as possible, actually.

Even though I had done a year and a half of writing on the blog by the time I was given the book deal, and essays every day for much of that time, I didn’t want to repeat myself in the book.

I’m aware that writing for a website is temporal.  When I first started writing, I would eat something great for dinner and blog about it that night! There’s something marvelously immediate about a website. (When my husband and I were married, fans were terribly impatient and wondered why it took me nine days to put up a post about it. “We want to see your wedding dress!” they wrote.)  I love that rush and play, the feedback from readers, the immediacy.

However, as someone who has loved (and venerated) the book all my life, I know that books are an entirely different medium.  I wanted my book to be more enduring, something that people could pick up ten years later and still find relevant.  I wanted every word to be considered and consciously chosen.

Also, on the website, the story is constantly unfolding. I didn’t really know the story line of it until I had written for a year and could see what I had done. With the book, I used the knowledge that came from stepping back a bit and created a story arc that worked throughout the entire book. Events that I make glancing reference to in my website – such as the near-death experience I had in a car accident three years ago – became entire chapters.

In that way, the readers of my website will still have something new to read.

That being said, after I stayed away from the blog for awhile during writing, I finally did go back and use some of it. After all, there are great stories, phrases I loved, references that still made me laugh.  So I would say that about 1/3 of the final book came from the blog.  Sometimes, I just stole a single sentence from myself (that’s how it felt!). no use in re-inventing the wheel for everything!

FPP:  Where would you like to go with your blogging and publishing in the future?

Shauna:  I want to do this for the rest of my life.

Unlike teaching high school (which I did, off and on, for ten years), there is no schedule with this.  When I was a teacher, late August always meant the gearing up for school.  Sometimes, my body felt on autopilot.  But now, I hear back to school ads, and it feels like a story from a different country.

Writing excites me.  It also scares me, and it keeps me on my toes.  I feel alive when I write every day. That it connects with other people and gives them some joy is one of my greatest places of gratitude.

I have a solid sense that I am helping people with my writing, in a way more direct than teaching could ever be. That means the world to me.

So, I have plans for a second book (it’s hush for now, but it’s in definite formation).  I would like to be writing about food and the stories it inspires, for the rest of my life.

I would also love to explore the world with my husband, going to the cultures where the food is naturally gluten-free, and spending time there, imbibing the culture, living stories, eating great food, and then coming home to write it all up.

Other than that, I have no idea. That’s why it’s so exciting!

FPP:  What advice could you give other prospective blogger / authors?

Shauna:  Ah, some people are not going to like this answer…

Please don’t start a blog just to get a book deal.  It isn’t the way.

Everyone I know (including me) who has gotten a book deal out of a blog was, in some way, surprised by it.  Sure, by the time I wrote my book proposal, I was more intentional about it.  But when I started the blog,  I had no idea it would lead to a book.  Honestly.

Instead, I wrote from passion and urgency, in my own voice, with a story I felt had to be told.

And in the end, that’s where all great literature begins.

Blogging to make money or get a book? It’s pretty empty.

Telling your own story? It’s endlessly fulfilling.

Web technology is playing an ever increasing role in publishing.  Authors use blogs to create books and generate buzz; websites are a key part of publishers’ book marketing and sales strategy.  But your blog or website isn’t much good if no one knows it’s there.  Generally, people discover your site through search engines.  That’s why it is important to learn the techniques – collectively referred to as search engine optimization or SEO – that will improve your rankings in search results and enhance your web presence. 

Jennifer Grappone & Gradiva CouzinI decided to ask two SEO experts to help us demystify search engine optimization.  Search marketing consultants Jennifer Grappone and Gradiva Couzin are co-authors of the bestselling book “Search Engine Optimization: An Hour a Day” (Wiley, 2006).  Together, Jennifer Grappone and Gradiva Couzin are Gravity Search Marketing, a consulting part nership dedicated to thoughtful and holistic SEO for clients in a wide range of industries. 

FPP:  Could you provide a good definition of SEO?

Google SEOJennifer & Gradiva:  We use a very broad definition: SEO is anything that a website owner can do to improve the site’s presence on search engines. Some use a more specific definition: promotional work or edits to a website that are intended to improve the site’s organic (unpaid) ranks on search engines.

To get a little more specific, when we talk about search engine presence we aren’t referring to rank alone. Sure, it matters that you’re site is ranked well, but it is also important what terms your site is ranking for and how your listings look.

FPP:  In your book, you focus on setting SEO goals for audience and conversions. Could you talk briefly about what that might mean for a blogger?

Jennifer & Gradiva:  A strong foundation for SEO starts with a look at what you’re trying to accomplish with your site. For a blogger, this could be generating revenue via ads or affiliate links, it could be building a reputation to gain consulting gigs, selling a book or other product, or career enhancement. Take a step back and think about this ultimate goal, so you can be sure that everything else you do with your blog is serving it.

A conversion can be defined as a user doing whatever it is you want the user to do. Say you sell impression-based ads – in this case maximum page views is probably a good choice as a conversion goal. On the other hand, if your goal is to build community and credibility so that journalists will call you for quotes, then measuring the number of comments on your blog might be a better metric for you. We even expand the definition of “conversion” to include off-line activities such as phone calls or walk-in customers to a retail establishment. The key is, you must match your measurements directly to your goals.

Once you have your conversions defined and a way of measuring them, you work on tying success back to traffic sources. Which postings and keywords are delivering the highest conversion rates to your blog? Find those mini-success stories within your own blog, and be sure you’re directing further resources (er, time and effort) the same way.

FPP:  Are there special SEO considerations for blogs vs. traditional websites?

Jennifer & Gradiva:  Of course blogs are websites, so certain SEO considerations are the same, namely, the basic tenets of on-page optimization:

  • Keywords in HTML page titles
  • Well written, compelling Meta Descriptions
  • Keywords in page text

However, blogs have some very special considerations. For one, on a blog every posting is a potential entry page from search engines. That means every page on the site needs to have SEO optimization. You might want to set up some basic rules and guidelines – AKA a Style Guide – for your postings.

Next, there’s the important fact that so many visitors to blogs are coming from search engines other than the Big Shots (Google, Yahoo!, MSN). Every blogger should keep a good eye on blog search such as Technorati, Blogpulse, and so on. While traditional search engine listings generally display the HTML title along with page snippets, these blog search engines display various other combos: posting titles, first 100 characters from the post, or other possibilities. They may or may not include the title of your blog.

Another consideration is the constantly changing content on most blog home pages. Your home page is likely to show in search engines, so we always recommend that some non-rotating content (content that doesn’t change) be included on your home page, to help search engines rank and list it properly. A paragraph describing your blog is a great way to cover this one.

Lastly, a major difference in SEO between blogs and traditional sites is what a link-happy environment the blogosphere is. Links to your blog are one of the best ways to increase your ranks in search engines. Yes, it’s a bit incestuous, but these blog-to-blog links work wonders. And the best way for a blog to gain inlinks is to be an active participant in a community of blogs, as well as linking out to other blogs on a regular basis.

FPP:  What are the most important factors to keep in mind when designing a blog, with respect to SEO?

Jennifer & Gradiva:  The major blog authoring tools will generally have an “SEO friendly” option that allows you to manually edit the HTML Page Title & Meta description for each page. Take the time to write a unique title and description for each post.

Then, dig deeper into SEO options. These will vary with your chosen authoring tool, but WordPress for example has many plug-ins that will allow you to improve the search-engine friendliness of your blog. (For some of the best plugins, see http://www.kaushik.net/avinash/2006/11/blogging-how-tos-technical-tips-and-best-wordpress-plugins.html.)  Look for non-dynamic URLs, permalinks for each post, unique HTML Title and Description. Take a hint from the pros and ignore the Meta Keywords tag – it’s mostly a waste of time.

Here are a few basic SEO rules we’ve put together for blog posting optimization:

  • The blog name contains keywords
  • The blog home page includes a tagline or permanent text describing the blog
  • Posts include links to other posts in the body text
  • Social bookmarking tags are included
  • A feed autodiscovery tag is included
  • The posting title describes the content of the post and can be read as a standalone title
  • The posting title contains keywords
  • The first line of the posting (100 – 200 characters) contains a compelling teaser or summary of the post
  • The HTML Title and Meta Description is unique and individually written for each posting.
  • The permalink URL is meaningful and readable and contains keywords
  • Tags/Categories contain keywords (be sure to include a tag for the overarching subject. For example, most Web Analytics blogs forget to include a tag for “web analytics”)

FPP:  Once a blog is launched, are there blogging practices that will help improve rankings in search results pages?

Jennifer & Gradiva:  Certainly, SEO is an ongoing effort and should be on the blogger’s mind with every post.

To summarize, ongoing SEO efforts should include:

  • Optimizing each and every post
  • Monitoring status on major search engines as well as specialty blog search
  • Active participation in the blogosphere
  • A close eye on web traffic and what people are doing on your site (web analytics)

FPP:  It seems that the use of keywords is an important component of an SEO strategy. Do you have some tips on how to select effective keywords?

Jennifer & Gradiva:  Keywords should be on your mind whenever you post. That doesn’t mean you give every post spammy titles like “Cheap mortgages and Cheap Mortgage Deals are Cheap.” Rather, we’re talking about thinking about what terms people might be searching for that are related to your posting topic, and then being sure to include those terms in key locations on your page, within the context of good writing.

If you want to get serious about choosing high-traffic keywords, you can pay a fee for access to keyword research tools like Wordtracker and Keyword Discovery, which allow you to find out the relative search popularity of terms. This is probably a good idea for newbies – within a few months you may even gain a good enough sense of keyword choices in your topic that you don’t need the research. There are also some free options for keyword research – you can find links on our site at http://www.yourseoplan.com/seo-blogs-tools.html .

We’ll quote Matt Cutts, one of the most well-known bloggers in the SEO world, on incorporating keywords into a post he wrote about changing the default printer for Firefox on Linux (for the full post read here: http://www.mattcutts.com/blog/seo-advice-writing-useful-articles-that-readers-will-love/ ):

Notice what I did with keywords. I carefully chose keywords for the title and the url (note that I used “change” in the url and “changing” in the title). The categories on my post (“How to” and “Linux”) give me a subtle way to mention Linux again, and include a couple extra ways that someone might do a search-lots of user type “how to (do what they want to do).” I thought about the words that a user would type in when looking for an answer to their question, and tried to include those words in the article. I also tried to think of a few word variations and included them where they made sense (file vs. files, bash and bashrc, Firefox and Mozilla, etc.). I’m targetting a long-tail concept where someone will be typing several words, so I’m probably in a space where on-page keywords are enough to rank pretty well. I don’t need anchor-text for “linux default printer” or similar phrases; in the on-page space, I’d recommend thinking more about words and variants (the “long-tail”) and thinking less about keyword density or repeating phrases.

To restate this with a little less jargon: you don’t need to repeat words over and over, because each of your posts should target a fairly niche set of 2 or 3 keywords, and there probably won’t be a ton of competition for these terms. Once you have keywords in your mind, include them in various forms throughout your posting text, in the title, and so on as described in the previous bullet list.

One last comment on keywords: thinking of targeting a single word? Forget about it. Single words (unless they’re very specialized) are generally too competitive and not well targeted enough to be good keyword choices.

FPP:  Are there any benchmarks on how much time bloggers should expect to spend on SEO to help establish and build their audiences?

Jennifer & Gradiva:  Well, our book is called “Search Engine Optimization: An Hour a Day” and we based that on a minimum commitment for a baseline level of optimization with a relatively simple website. For a blogger, SEO practices will mingle with the general writing and marketing efforts for the blog. We aren’t bloggers, but we’re guessing that site maintenance, SEO, blog surfing, promoting, and community-building takes up as much time as researching and writing the actual content of the blog.

FPP:  How do social bookmarking and social networking sites figure in an SEO strategy, if at all?

Jennifer & Gradiva:  They absolutely fit in, if your website’s target audience intersects with the Web 2.0 crowd. One big element of our job as organic SEOs is to help website owners add unique and interesting content to their sites. If you’re successful at building truly buzzworthy content, then you can try to use the social web to your advantage. It helps to know what you want to get out of the social web before you put a lot of effort into it: Are you going for pure branding? If so, set up a branded MySpace page or upload your logo-stamped videos to YouTube. Are you trying to be recognized as an expert on an techie topic? If so, seed your content into Digg. Are you trying to sell refurbished drill bits to manufacturing clients? Yeah… Web 2.0 probably shouldn’t be your highest priority.

Probably the biggest consideration with the social web is to make sure that you don’t run afoul of established etiquette. Building traffic via the social web requires you to get the lay of the land for every site you’re trying to seed so you don’t wind up getting bashed, buried, or ignored. If you come on strong with a heavy promotional hand, it could work against you.

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